| command: CommandStructure, Internal and External commands, filters; vi editor. |
| 2 | Process Management: Process concept; Operations on processes; Multithreading models; Threading issues. Process Scheduling: Basic concepts; Scheduling criteria; Scheduling algorithms; Multiple-Processor scheduling; Thread scheduling.Process Synchronization: Inter-process communication; Synchronization: The Critical section problem; Peterson’s solution; Synchronization hardware; Semaphores; Classical problems of synchronization. | 10 |
| 3 | Deadlocks: Deadlocks: System model; Deadlock characterization; Methods for handling deadlocks; Deadlock prevention; Deadlock avoidance; Deadlock detection and recovery from deadlock.Memory Management: Memory Management Strategies: Background; Swapping; Contiguous memory allocation; Paging; Structure of page table; Segmentation. Virtual Memory Management: Background; Demand paging; Page replacement; Allocation of frames; Thrashing | 10 |
| 4 | File System, Implementation of File System: File System: File concept; Access methods; Directory structure; Protection. File system structure; Directory implementation; Allocation methods; Free space management.Secondary Storage Structures: Mass storage structures; Disk structure; Disk scheduling; Disk management; Swap space management. Protection: Goals ofprotection, Principles of protection, Access matrix. | 8 |
| 5 | Shell Programming: Shell scripts, Running script in the current shell, Pattern Matching, Redirection, String handling, Conditional Parameter Substitution, Shell functions.Case Study: The Linux Operating System: Linux history; Design principles; Kernel modules; Process management; Scheduling; Memory management; File systems, Input and output; Inter-process communication. |